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Essential Learning Theories & Frameworks in IDT: Andragogy

Andragogy

Focuses on adult learning and the specific needs of adult learners.

Malcolm Knowles is a prominent theorist.

Andragogy: Resources

Abeni, E.-A. (2020). Andragogy: A theory in practice in higher education. Journal of Research in Higher Education, 4(2), 54–69. https://doi.org/10.24193/JRHE.2020.2.4

Boden, C. J., Singh, S., Cherrstrom, C. A., Hyden, B., & Xie, L. (2024). Ed tech in adult online learning: Facilitating andragogical program development, learner interactions, and student research. International Journal of Adult Education and Technology (IJAET), 15(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJAET.355707

Clair, R. S. (2024). Andragogy: Past and present potential. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 2024(184), 7–13. https://doi.org/10.1002/ace.20546

Grus, C. L., Lagbo, V., & Rozensky, R. H. (2025). Applying principles of adult learning and andragogy to the design of continuing education programs in psychology. Practice Innovations, 10(2), 108–119. https://doi.org/10.1037/pri0000268

Henschke, J. A. (2020). Facilitating adult and organizational learning through andragogy: A history, philosophy, and major themes (1st ed.). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3937-8

Livingston, M., & Cummings-Clay, D. (2023). Advancing adult learning using andragogic instructional practices. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Higher Education, 8(1), 29-.

Loeng, S. (2018). Various ways of understanding the concept of andragogy. Cogent Education, 5(1), 1496643-. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2018.1496643

Mews, J. (2020). Leading through andragogy. College and University, 95(1), 65–68.

Knowles, M. S., Holton, E. F., Robinson, P. A., & Caraccioli, C. (2025). New perspectives on andragogy. In The adult learner (10th ed., Vol. 1, pp. 161–178). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003387671-12

Roessger, K. M., Roumell, E. A., & Weese, J. (2022). Rethinking andragogical assumptions in the global age: how preferences for andragogical learning vary across people and cultures. Studies in Continuing Education, 44(1), 14–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/0158037X.2020.1732335

Youde, A. (2018). Andragogy in blended learning contexts: Effective tutoring of adult learners studying part-time, vocationally relevant degrees at a distance. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 37(2), 255–272. https://doi.org/10.1080/02601370.2018.1450303

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