Suggests learners construct their own understanding and knowledge through experiences.
Prominent theorists include Lev Vygotsky and Jean Piaget.
Evans, R. I., & Piaget, J. (1973). Jean Piaget, the man and his ideas (E. Duckworth, Tran.; First edition.). E.P. Dutton.
Flavell, J. H. (1963). The developmental psychology of Jean Piaget. Van Nostrand.
Pass, S. (2004). Parallel paths to constructivism: Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky. Information Age Pub.
Piaget, J. (1972). Psychology and epistemology: Towards a theory of knowledge. Viking Press.
Piaget, J. (1971). Structuralism. Harper & Row.
Vygotskiĭ, L. S., & Cole, M. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press.
Bell, R. (2020). Adapting to constructivist approaches to entrepreneurship education in the Chinese classroom. Studies in Higher Education, 45(8), 1694–1710. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1655724
Carey, S., Zaitchik, D., & Bascandziev, I. (2015). Theories of development: In dialog with Jean Piaget. Developmental Review, 38, 36–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2015.07.003
Cho, H., Jeong, H., Yu, J., Lee, J., & Jung, H. J. (2024). Becoming a doctor: Using social constructivism and situated learning to understand the clinical clerkship experiences of undergraduate medical students. BMC Medical Education, 24, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-05113-x
Larison, K. D. (2022). On beyond constructivism: Using intersubjective approaches to promote learning in the science classroom. Science & Education, 31(1), 213–239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11191-021-00237-8
Mattar, J. (2018). Constructivism and connectivism in education technology: Active, situated, authentic, experiential, and anchored learning. Revista Iberoamericana De Educación a Distancia, 21(2), 201-217. https://doi.org/10.5944/ried.21.2.20055
Pelech, J. (2021). Student-centered research : Blending constructivism with action research. (1st ed.). Information Age Publishing, Incorporated.
Pruitt, R. (2017). Chapter 7: Constructionist approaches online and face-to-face: The essential role of trust. Curriculum & Teaching Dialogue, 19(1/2), 105–127.
Revisiting Vygotsky for social change: Bringing together theory and practice: Vol. 2. (2020). Peter Lang Publishing, Inc.