Essential Learning Theories & Frameworks in IDT: Self-Directed Learning (SDL)

Graves, N. (1993). Learner managed learning: Practice, theory and policy. Routledge.

Hammond, M., & Collins, R. (1991). Self-directed Learning: Critical practice (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203770924

Leupold, M., Topping, D., Cork, R. J., McGoey, R., & Rae, G. (2025). Pathology discovered in the “first patient” can be the silent teacher of self‐directed learning. Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.), 38(2), 216–221. https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.24256

Rennie, L. J., Stocklmayer, S., & Gilbert, J. (2019). Supporting self-directed learning in science and technology beyond the school years (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429434303

Sumuer, E. (2018). Factors related to college students’ self-directed learning with technology. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 34(4), 29-. https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.3142

Thigpen, T. S., Collier, C., Bryant, A., & Toles, B. (2025). The playbook for self-directed learning: A leader’s guide to school transformation and student agency (1st ed., Vol. 1). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003489894

van Woezik, T. E. T., Koksma, J. J.-J., Reuzel, R. P. B., Jaarsma, D. C., & van der Wilt, G. J. (2021). There is more than “I” in self-directed learning: An exploration of self-directed learning in teams of undergraduate students. Medical Teacher, 43(5), 590–598. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2021.1885637

Zhang, M., Jiang, Q., Xiong, W., Li, Q., & Zhao, W. (2024). Self-efficacy predicting K-12 students’ self-directed learning with mobile technology: Analyzing the mediating role of student engagement. Educational Technology ＆ Society, 27(3), 236–252. https://doi.org/10.30191/ETS.202407_27(3).SP03

Zhoc, K. C. H., Chung, T. S. H., & King, R. B. (2018). Emotional intelligence (EI) and self‐directed learning: Examining their relation and contribution to better student learning outcomes in higher education. British Educational Research Journal, 44(6), 982–1004. https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3472